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The Gothic style arrived in Poland in the first half of the 13th century with the arrival of members of the Dominican and Franciscan orders. The first elements of the new style are evident in the foundation of the Dominican Trinity church in Kraków (1226–1250),〔Marek Strzala, ( Stroll through the historic Kazimierz area. ) ''Krakow Info.com'' (Internet Archive). Retrieved .〕 built by Bishop Iwo Odrowąż. Another of the earliest manifestations of the Gothic in Poland was the rebuilding of the Wrocław Cathedral which started in 1244. The earliest building was completely covered in Poland, built in Gothic style chapel is considered St. Hedwig in Trzebnica (1268–1269) in the monastery of Cistercian. In the north and west of the country, there are some scarce Romanesque predecessors (see here). Most Gothic buildings in Poland are made of brick, and belong to the Baltic Brick Gothic, especially in northern Poland (see Significant Brick Gothic buildings in Poland). Nonetheless, not all Gothic buildings in Poland are made of brick. For example, the Wawel Cathedral in Kraków is mostly stone-built. Poland also has some Gothic fieldstone churches, mostly of relatively small size. The centers of Polish Gothic are Kraków, Gdańsk, Toruń, Wrocław. The reign of the king Casimir the Great was the time of the greatest flowering of gothic architecture in Poland. For the second time a similar development took place in the late Gothic phase, during the reign of Casimir the Jagiellonian. In the region of Małopolska (on the south) buildings were built of brick with stone blocks to the implementation details. Churches built in the area are often two-nave. Are also found very high basilica of the aisles. Silesia resembles gothic solution of Malopolska with influences from the Czech. Here, too, in addition to the blows of stone bricks were used. One of the characteristics is the location of the tower – at the intersection of the transept of the church choir, on the south-east. The architecture of the northern lands strongly influenced patterns inspired by the Teutonic Order state buildings and other cities of Hansa. Brick churches are mainly Pomerania halls of mighty towers, usually situated in the main axis. Much less common is the basilica. In Mazovia not developed different forms of Gothic. Occurring on this earth buildings are characterized by rather simplified forms already known. == Castles == From the 13th century began to modernize the seat of royal and princely expanding existing buildings functional program (such as Wawel Castle, Legnica), and building castles, which initially could be built only with the consent of the ruler. For this reason, the oldest castles have public character of the building. Initially, in the 13th century, the characteristic elements of the locks were placed in a role within the wood-earth castles, so the first castles were irregular in shape (e.g., in Opole). After the mid-13th century abandoned the construction palatiów to be connected rather with the earlier epoch. Regular shape of castles spread throughout the Polish Kingdom in the reign of Casimir the Great, and built them into this shape, even in areas of previous castles (Rawa, Łęczyca, Koło). Castles and monasteries built by Joannites (Stare Drawsko, Łagów, Swobnica, Pęzino) and the Teutonic Order, in the state created by them in Prussia (Malbork, Radzyń Chełmiński, Niedzica) and bishops (in Lipowiec). The castles were built or final defense towers (known as stołp) and residential towers (donżon). The best preserved Gothic castles are: * in Lesser Poland: Chęciny, Odrzykoń, Czorsztyn, Niedzica, Kazimierz Dolny, Bobolice, Będzin, Lipowiec, Ogrodzieniec and others on Trail of the Eagles' Nests * in northern Poland: built by the Teutonic Order in Malbork, Nidzica, Golub, Radzyń Chełmiński, Gniew; or on their strongholds modeled (usually built on the estates of bishops) in Kwidzyn, Lidzbark Warmiński, Olsztyn, Reszel. * in Mazovia: Castle in Ciechanów, Czersk, Liw. * in Greater Poland: Castle in the Koło, Szamotuły, Gołańcz, Łęczyca. * in Lower Silesia: Siedlęcin Tower, Bolków, Chojnik, Żmigród, Świny File:Wawel Kurza Stopka tower.PNG|Wawel Castle in Kraków File:Zamek w Lidzbarku Warmińskim.jpg|Bishop Castle in Lidzbark Warmiński File:Zamek w chęcinie panorama.jpg|Castle in Chęciny File:Panorama of Malbork Castle, part 4.jpg|Castle in Malbork File:Zamek w Kwidzynie.woj.pomorskie,pow.i gm.Kwidzyn..jpg|Castle in Kwidzyn File:Oporów castle1.jpg|Castle in Oporów File:POL Ciechanów 1.JPG|Castle in Ciechanów File:Debno (js).jpg|Castle in Dębno File:Zamek Królewski w Łęczycy.jpg|Royal Castle in Łęczyca File:Zamek książąt mazowieckich, nast. opactwo benedyktyńskie, ob. muzeum diecezjalne, mur., kon. XIV, XVIII, 2 poł. XIX, 1968 Płock, ul. Tumska 2.jpg|Castle in Płock File:KP, Olsztyn, zamek2.JPG|Castle in Olsztyn File:Reszel July 2007 23.JPG|Castle in Reszel 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polish Gothic architecture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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